基础设施即代码

尽管 基础设施即代码 是一种相对旧的技术（我们早在2011年的技术雷达中就已经介绍过它），但在现代云时代，构建基础设施的行为已经成为了将配置指令传递到云平台的重要组成部分，因此它变得非常重要。当我们说“即代码”时，是指我们在软件领域学到的所有良好实践都应应用于基础设施。使用源代码控制，遵守 DRY原则、模块化、可维护性以及使用自动化测试和部署都是关键的实践。我们当中具有深厚软件和基础设施背景的人，需要体谅和支持那些没有做过这些的同事。仅仅说“像对待代码一样处理基础设施”还不够，我们需要确保从软件世界学到的来之不易的经验教训，也能够同样应用到整个基础设施领域。

We continue to highlight infrastructure as code. This technique treats infrastructure configuration in the same way as code; checking configuration into source control, then carefully pushing changes out to the data center.

The DevOps movement continues to grow, with developers and operations staff working closely together to solve the “software last mile” problem. Infrastructure as code is a technique for treating infrastructure configuration in the same way as code; checking it into source control, then using it to push changes out to the data center. In addition to web server, application server and application configuration, we are seeing network configuration treated in the same way. Network switch, firewall and load balancer configuration can be infrastructure as code, and even changed at runtime.

The large number of hosts and devices in a modern datacenter or cloud deployment have made manually installing and configuring infrastructure unwise. Infrastructure as code is an approach whereby infrastructure configuration is scripted or described by files that are stored in version control, and changes are pushed out to the datacenter in a controlled manner. This parallels the discipline of source control and build promotion used in software development, hence ‘as code’. The two front-running open source tools for infrastructure automation are Chef and Puppet. They both use a textual DSL to script automation. Using this approach provides consistent and repeatable environment changes, reducing the manual effort involved, especially in troubleshooting environmental differences.